Archaeological and Historical Survey and Site Assessment: Crossroads Business Center

The Savannah Economic Development Authority plans to develop a mixed usage business center in Chatham County, Georgia. Approximately one-third of the 1,784 acres will actually be developed; a large portion of the tract will be utilized as project green space. In 1991, archaeologists from SouthArc, Inc. of Gainesville, Florida completed a preliminary review of the project tract. This review indicated that although there was little potential for prehistoric sites within the property, there were potential historic sites dating from the 18th century to the early 20th century. Subsequently a reconnaissance survey of the property was conducted to refine the site locational model developed by SouthArc based on environmental characteristics of the property. This model indicated that site location would correlate with the better drained soils on the property, proximity to a water source, and proximity to historic transportation routes. An intensive survey was then conducted within the proposed development impact areas of the property. As a result of the reconnaissance and intensive surveys, five historic sites were identified. The Griffin site dates to the antebellum to late 19th century occupation of the property as a "Pineland Camp" and later homestead. It consists of a scatter of historic artifacts and a cemetery. Based on an assessment of this site, it is considered to be significant and potentially eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places based on its historic function and its potential for yielding data which can address archaeological research questions. Although cemeteries, by definition, are not eligible for the National Register of Historic Places, treatment of this portion of the site must comply with Georgia law concerning human remains. Preservation of the cemetery and area in immediately proximity to the cemetery is recommended. The proposed project will have no adverse affect on other, more disturbed portions of this site. The Military site was identified as an early 20th century lumber mill location; this site consists of World War II military structures, although recovered artifacts may date to the lumber mill occupation. The site was not considered to have any archaeological research potential due to the level of disturbance and limited artifactual evidence. The structural remains, while historically interesting, are not unusual and would not yield additional information due to their condition. The site is not considered to be eligible for the National Register. The Firing Ranges site consists of the remains of two World War II firing ranges which were not considered to have archaeological research potential. Although historically of interest, the remains are incomplete and somewhat limited in terms of interpretation. They are not considered to be eligible for the National Register. The Brick site is located outside of the development pods. This site's function was not clearly identified, although it may have been a late 19th century home site. The Homestead site is also located outside the development areas; it consists of the remains of a small dwelling of the early 20th century. The proposed project will have no affect on these sites.