A Cultural Resource Survey of the Proposed 40 Inch O.D. Pipeline Powder Springs, Georgia to the Savannah River Phase II: the Sample Survey

The purpose of this project is to locate, identify, and assess the cultural resources within the area to be impacted by the construction of the proposed 40 inch O.D. petroleum products pipeline. This work was undertaken at the request of Colonial Pipeline Company in order to comply with the requirements stated by the Office of the State Archaeologist, Georgia. The objectives of this project are to locate and identify all prehistoric and historic sites within the project area and to evaluate the cultural significance of these sites. An assessment of possible adverse impacts that may alter or destroy any sites is also provided. The scope of work required that a literature and records search be conducted in addition to an archaeological survey. The historical research was conducted at the Georgia Department of Archives and History in Atlanta. Additional information pertaining to the history and prehistory of the area was obtained at the Department of Anthropology, Georgia State University; Office of the State Archaeologist, West Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia College; Georgia; and the State Historic Preservation office, Department of Natural Resources, Atlanta. The results of this research are presented in Chapters I, II, and III. This project was undertaken as a two phase operation. Phase one was the intensive survey of the first 46 kilometers (28.5 miles) of the proposed pipeline extending from the tank farm in Powder Springs, Georgia, to Highway 141 in Gwinnett County. Authorization to proceed was received on January 27, 1978. The phase one survey was initiated on February 6, 1978, and completed on February 27, 1978.Results of this survey are presented under separate cover. The second phase of the project, presented in this report, involved sampling the remaining 143 kilometers (89 miles) of the 188 kilometers (117 mile) trans-Georgia pipeline. This portion of the survey began at Georgia Highway 141 in Gwinnett County, and continued eastward to the Savannah River just below Hartwell Dam in Hart County, Georgia. Thirty-two kilometers (20 miles), or 22.5 percent, of the second segment of the pipeline were afforded survey coverage Fieldwork was initiated on March 27 and completed on April 4, 1978, and was accomplished by two survey crews. Details of the sampling technique and the areas that were surveyed are presented in Chapter IV. The work was carried out by means of a pedestrian survey and subsurface testing in areas of dense vegetative cover. Every opportunity was taken to examine areas that offered good surface exposure including road cuts, stream banks, and erosional washes. Creek and river bottoms required deep testing in order to reveal sites that may have been covered by alluvial deposits. The methods used and results of the survey are discussed in detail in Chapter IV. The literature and records search would have been more difficult without the assistance of a few persons. We would like to thank Mr. Earl Poythress of the Colonial Pipeline Company for his cooperation and time. Dr. Elizabeth Sheldon of the Anthropology Department at Georgia State University and Dr. Lewis Larson and Ms. Patricia Giusto of the Office of the State Archaeologist at West Georgia College provided information pertaining to known archaeological sites in the project area.