An Intensive Cultural Resources Survey of Holloway Landing, Lincoln County, Georgia

Lincoln County, Georgia, plans to upgrade an existing lake access point by providing improved parking and boat launching facilities on a 1. 7 ha (4. 1 ac) tract on Shriver Creek at the end of Holloway Road. To meet Federal regulations regarding cultural resources, the county contracted with Southeastern Archeological Services, Inc. to conduct an intensive cultural resources survey of Holloway Landing. Two archeological sites were recorded, both of which are disturbed ridge top lithic scatter/quarries, a site type common to the area. 9Lc39 is an extensive quartz quarry on the crest and upper slopes of the ridge lying parallel to the access road leading to the facility. The investigation of 9Lc39 was limited to surface observation because it was outside the 1.7 ha tract. Examination of the road cut adjacent to the site revealed a thin rocky loam over reddish clay; however, conditions may differ elsewhere on the site. Artifacts suggesting raw material extraction were found among a dense scatter of naturally occurring, high-quality quartz. The limited work at 9Lc39 is insufficient for a thorough site evaluation; however, 9Lc39 will not be impacted by the project as all road work leading to the boat launch facility will be confined to the existing road right-of-way. 9Lc40 is a smaller quarry site located on the crest, nose, and eastern slope of the ridge which terminates at Holloway Landing. Shovel test profiles and observations at 9Lc4O have indicated that the site is sparse and has been heavily disturbed by road construction, logging, farming, and erosion. Artifacts present suggest that the site was used primarily for raw material extraction, with little evidence of occupation. It is unlikely that subsurface features exist in the highly disturbed, thin, rocky soil. 9Lc40 is recommended as ineligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places because of loss of integrity due to disturbance and erosion. Surface lithic scatters and quarry sites on quartz outcrops are common site types in the area. Some have been investigated in detail and produced little additional information beyond that gathered during survey. Recordation of the location and function of these sites is important for understanding regional settlement and resource utilization patterns; however, due to erosion and disturbance of 9Lc40, there is no further research potential for the site. Since no significant cultural resources will be impacted by the proposed improvements to Holloway Landing, it is the recommendation of the principal investigator that, with regard to cultural resources, the project be allowed to proceed.